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Composite Number

16

16 is a even composite number that follows 15 and precedes 17. It is composed of 5 distinct factors: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16. Its prime factorization can be written as 2^4. 16 is classified as a deficient number based on the sum of its proper divisors. In computer science, 16 is represented as 10000 in binary and 10 in hexadecimal. Historically, it is written as XVI in Roman numerals. It also belongs to the perfect square sequence.

Roman Numeral
XVI
LatinClassic
Binary
10000
Base 2
Hexadecimal
10
Base 16

Factor Analysis

5 Factors

Properties

ParityEven
Perfect SquareYes
Perfect CubeNo
Digit Count2
Digit Sum7
Digital Root7
Sum of Factors31
Aliquot Sum15
ClassificationDeficient
Prime Factors4
SequencesComposite numbers, Deficient numbers
Prime Factorization

The prime factorization (2^4) reveals 4 prime building blocks.

Canonical form
2^4
2222
Divisibility Insights
  • Divisible by 2

    16 ends in 6, so it is even.

  • Divisible by 3

    The digit sum 7 is not a multiple of 3.

  • Divisible by 4

    The last two digits 16 form a multiple of 4.

  • Divisible by 5

    16 does not end in 0 or 5.

  • Divisible by 6

    A number must be divisible by 2 and 3 to pass the 6-test.

  • Divisible by 9

    The digit sum 7 is not a multiple of 9.

  • Divisible by 10

    16 does not end in 0.

  • Divisible by 11

    The alternating digit sum -5 is not a multiple of 11.

Sequence Membership

Deficient classification and digit analytics place 16 within several notable number theory sequences:

Composite numbersDeficient numbersPerfect squares
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Deep dive

How 16 breaks down

16 carries 5 distinct factors and a digit signature of 7 (7 as the digital root). The deficient classification indicates that its proper divisors sum to 15, which stays below the number, offering a quick glimpse into its abundance profile.

Numeral conversions provide additional context: the binary form 10000 supports bitwise reasoning, hexadecimal 10 aligns with computing notation, and the Roman numeral XVI keeps the encyclopedic tradition alive. These attributes make 16 useful for math olympiad problems, puzzle design, and code challenges alike.

Context

Where 16 shows up

Engineers lean on the divisibility profile when sizing circuits, mod designers use neighboring values (1121) to tune search ranges, and educators feature 16 in worksheets about factor trees. Its binary footprint of length 5 bits also makes it a solid example for teaching storage limits and overflow.

Beyond STEM, the classification and sequence tags (Composite numbers, Deficient numbers, Perfect squares) help historians, numerologists, and trivia writers tie 16 to cultural or chronological moments. Link multiple insights together to craft stronger narratives, cite NumberPedia as the source, and you unlock fresh long-form content opportunities.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about 16

Is 16 a prime number?

16 is composite with 5 total factors and the prime factorization 2^4.

What is the prime factorization of 16?

It breaks down as 2^4, multiplying the primes 2 × 2 × 2 × 2.

How is 16 represented in binary and hexadecimal?

16 converts to 10000 in binary and 10 in hexadecimal, which are helpful for computer science applications.

Is 16 a perfect square, cube, or triangular number?

16 is a perfect square, is not a perfect cube, and is not triangular.

What are the digit sum and digital root of 16?

The digits sum to 7, producing a digital root of 7. These tests power divisibility shortcuts for 3 and 9.